ABSTRACT

Increase urbanization of the world leads to increase in fuel demand. Crude oil based fuels such as diesel, petrol and natural gas are considered to be the main fuels. These natural reservoirs are available in specific regions of the world. Many countries of the world along with Pakistan are facing shortage of the petroleum products. Therefore alternative energy resource must be explored in order to cope with the fuel demand. In this work, a 60 hours endurance test has been carried out on horizontal type single cylinder diesel engine. During endurance test, three fuel samples such as Dl 00 (%diesel fuel as a baseline), B25 (waste cooking oil biodiesel 25% and 75% Diesel fuel) and LPG+B25 (liquidified petroleum gas and waste cooking oil biodiesel 25%) respectively have been taken to determine the engine performance, engine noise level and injector carbon deposition. Engine performance and noise level were taken at constant rpm of 1300 with variable loads from 0.0 (no load) to
1.6 kg-m at an interval of 0.2 kg-m. However, carbon deposition was analyzed at constant rpm and constant load condition at the end of endurance test while dismantling the injector from engine. Analysis of results show that the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of B25+LPG decreases with increasing the brake power and the brake thermal efficiency increases as increasing the brake power. However , engine noise level from three directions such as front, back and left shows lower noise emission in case of biodiesel and LPG blended fuels as compared to diesel fuel (DF). For analysis of carbon deposition on the injectors, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technique was carried out. From results, it was found that injector tip showed higher deposit ion of carbon in case of B25 fuel followed by B25+LPG and DF respectively.