ABSTRACT

Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) provide facility to human monitoring and controlling the physical world, particularly in emergency/disaster circumstances where direct human involvement is not possible. WSNs play a vital role in this period of communication and capability to monitor and control the daily life application including health care underwater monitoring and terrestrial domain. In this concern, the wireless sensors become more compact and significantly evolved over last few years. However, power source/battery of sensor nodes deployed in the field are mainly un-chargeable and unchangeable, so, it faces the problem of limited life time. In WSNs sensor nodes collect data and transmit it to BS. Mostly, WSNs perform energy extensive task and consumes reasonable amount of energy in communication operations result in degradation of life of network. Whereas, energy efficient techniques are required to improve the life time of sensor networks. Thus, low Energy Adaptive Clustering (LEACH) is the basic energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol proposed to prolong network life time. However, LEACH experience some limitations with respect to energy consumption with degradation in network life time. In this regard, a new scheme Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchical Probability Influenced Factor Energy (LEACH-PIPE) is proposed in this study. Though, the main goal of LEACH-PIPE is to reduce energy consumption and to extend network life time by introducing advertisement (ADV) message packet and discarding border nodes in proposed scheme. Furthermore, LEACH-PIPE has the feature to select the best energy node as CH using a probability function based on maximum residual energy and minimum distance to BS.
Moreover, modification in LEACH-PIPE algorithm results in satisfactory improvement as compared to Direct Transmission (DT) and LEACH. To validate the energy effectiveness of LEACH-PIPE MATLAB2015A is used as the simulation tool. The results demonstrate the LEACH-PIPE attains the best network life time with improved system remaining system and reduced in energy consumption and low traffic load a compared to DT and LEACH.