ABSTRACT

In developing country like Pakistan, population growth rate is h i=h that has caused increased in urbanisation. To accommodate increased population. there is a dire need of high rise buildings especially in most densely populated cities of the world . Consequently. traffic and parking issues have also increased. To cope with these issues, deep excavations for underground facilities as well as construction of high rise buildings in urban areas is carried out adjacent to existing historic or old buildings founded on shallow foundation. Excavation may induce unfavourable ground deformations that can affect adjacent structures. This condition leads to a big challenge for civil engineers to assess and protect the integrity of the historical structure. This research presents three-dimensional coupled consolidation analyses (using clay hypoplastic constitutive model which takes account of small-strain stiffness) to investigate the responses of a shallow foundation to adjacent excavation at different depths and clear distance between the footing and diaphragm wall i n soft clay. It was revealed that the excavation depth and the clear distance between the footing and the diaphragm wall have significant effect on induced settlement and lateral movement due to excavation. Moreover, the apparent losses in bearing capacity due to induced settlement of the footings located at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0
m from the diaphragm wall are 1.65, 1.73, 1.81, 1.70, 1 .53 and 1 .30 times of ultimate capacity, respectively.