ABSTRACT

This study aims to find out the potential of three different non-edible feedstocks namely Jatropha, Castor and Linseed biodiesel production, The mechanical expeller was used for oil extraction in Biofuel Laboratory. Energy & Environment Engineering Department. QUEST Nawabshah. The transesterification process was used to produce biodiesel with homogenous catalyst (Sodium hydroxide and Potassium hydroxide). The physcio-chemical properties such as kinematic viscosity, flash point, cetane number and density. Free fatty acids, Sulphur contents, Pour point, Total acid, Cloud point, Water content and Calorific value of crude oil and biodiesel were determined before and after production of biodiesel followed by ASTM standard methods. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Model Agilent 5975 GC- MSD was used for determination of fatty acid composition. The IUPAC method was applied for preparation of methyl esters of free fatty acids. The blends were prepared with 90%, 80% and 70% of petro diesel and 10%, 20% and 30% of biodiesel. These blends were designated as JBIO, JB20 and JB 30 for Jatropha, CBIO, CB20 and CB30 for Castor, and LB 0, LB20 and LB 30 for Linseed respectively. After examining the characteristics of blended biodiesel samples, these were used in Internal Combustion (I.C) Engine for performance analysis and emission leveL The results revealed that diesel oil has lower thermal efficiency as compared to all biodiesel blends. Out of all blends, JBIO showed higher efficiency with 22.32% and JB20 lower with 16.83% thermal efficiency as compared to 15.94% of D-100. However, almost same thermal efficiency of 19.5, 19.6, 19.0%, was found from 30% blends of JB, CB and LB respectively. It was discovered from the analysis that Jatropha blend of 10% (JBIO) was more useful for achieving higher thermal efficiency in l.c. Engine. Moreover, the NOx concentration found by Chauhan was 2200 ppm, 2500 & 2700 for JBIO, JB20 & JB30 respectively, whereas in this research work the NOx concentration was found in the range of 25-39 ppm in all blends of Jatropha. Based on overall thermal efficiency, particulates and gases emissions, 30% blends of Jatropha, Castor as well as Linseed may be recommended for utilization in l.c. Engines. This study also revealed that if 30% diesel oil is replaced with blended biodiesel of non-edible oils, then an amount up to Rs.138.6 Billion could be saved at national level.