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999			_c66820 _d66817
100			_aKeerio, Manthar Ali _a(Rioll No. PCE-003/2) _aSupervisor Prof. Dr. Abdullah Saand
245			_aAn Investigation On Use Of Local Material Soorh As Cement Replacement Material (Ph.D Thesis)
260			_aNawabshah: _bQUEST, _c2017.
300			_a122p. ;
500			_a
520			_aABSTRACT Cement is being utilized as construction material in the construction industry worldwide. Meanwhile. production of cement accompanied by the emission of hazardous gases such as C02 SO3 and NOx into the atmospheric which is source Of the greenhouse effect and acid rain. In addition to serious environmental effects, a lot of energy is required (approximately 1700—1800 MJ/tonne clinker) in the production of cement. The reduction of C02 emissions in the cement industry is currently one of the most important tasks. Replacement of cement clinker by using Supplementary Cementing Material (SC M) such as metakaolin to reduce C02 and other gases is an effective way. The aim of this research is to investigate and to introduce a local natural material, i.e. Soorh available in Thatta district, Sindh. Pakistan as a new cement replacement material. To ascertain the optimum temperature and heating duration for development of the local metakaolin, the natural material Soorh was calcined at temperatures of 650, 700, 750 & 8000C for 2. 3 and 6 hours duration and at temperatures of 900 and 1000 oc for I and 2 hours duration respectively. Based on the results of strength activity index (SAI) and X-Ray diffract meter analysis, the treated soorh at 8000C with heating duration of 2 hour is found most appropriate as natural pozzolanic material to be used in concrete. The chemical composition, SAI and loss on ignition of the treated Soorh at 8000C with heating duration of 2 hour meet the requirement of a pozzolanic material/metakaolin to be used in concrete as per ASTM C 618 standard. To investigate the effect of the locally developed metakaolin on workability, drying shrinkage, mechanical and durability related properties of concrete produced by replacement of cement with the local developed metakaolin ( Soorh at SOOOC-2hr) at dosages of 5 to 25% by weight of cement were employed. The 15% replacement of cement with calcined soorh, resulted into maximum compressive strength i.e. 31.65 MPa (15.43% increase) and ultrasonic pulse velocity i.e 4.51 km/s (24.59% increase) as compared to control concrete, respectively. At substitution of cement with the developed local metakaolin, the durability properties i.e. the maximum reduction in water penetration depth was found as 40%, corrosion potential 5.7% and carbonation depth less than that of ordinary concrete, respectively. The change in length of specimens cast with 15% substitution of cement with locally developed metakaolin (8000C-2hr) subjected to alkali silica reaction and sulphate attack, lie within the permissible limit, i.e. 0.1% of maximum length change for mortar as described by ASTM C-61S for pozzolanic material. On the basis of the investigated parameters; workability, drying shrinkage, mechanical and durability properties of concrete, 15 % replacement of cement with locally developed metakaolin (calcined Soorh at 8000 C for 2 hours) is found to be optimum.
700			_aDepartment of Civil Engineering
856			_uhttps://tinyurl.com/2mf5aw5y
942			_cTHESIS